Abstract says adsorbent dosage 30 mg/L, but methods use 30 mg in 20 mL = 1500 mg/L. Unit error.
Abstract says dye concentration 20 mg/L, but Section 3.5 uses 10 mg/L (10 ppm). Inconsistency.
Abstract says 25°C, but Section 3.5.3 uses 303–353 K (30–80°C). Inconsistency.
Abstract says equilibrium in 25 min, but Section 3.5.4 and Figure 7b show 15–20 min. Inconsistency.
Methods: “pH was adjusted to a range between 3 and 10 ppm” — pH has no unit “ppm.” Clear error.
Methods: “adsorbent was changed from 5 to 40 mg/L” — should be mg, not mg/L. Unit error.
Table 1 reports MIC values (in μg) — MIC must be μg/mL (or mg/L). Also, the “Standard” row reports zone-of-inhibition diameters, not MIC. MIC cannot be determined by well-diffusion.
XRD: peaks at 30.64°, 35.22°, 50.26°, 60.17° with planes (101), (110), (112), (211) are tetragonal ZrO₂, not monoclinic as claimed.
XRD: text says peaks at 30.10° and 35.05° are from Sn doping, then says “XRD patterns do not exhibit distinctive peaks associated with Sn.” Direct contradiction.
Antimicrobial text: “The larger the nanoparticles were, the more likely to penetrate and damage the bacterial membrane” — scientifically false. Smaller nanoparticles penetrate better.
Methods state four concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80 μg/mL), but Figures 9 and 10 show five or more concentrations.
Section 3.5 says shaking speed 250 rpm; Section 3.5.3 says 450 rpm. Contradiction.
Funding: “None” contradicts acknowledged DST FIST grant.
Conclusion claims “evenly spaced, agglomeration-free” nanostructures, but Section 3.4 says “non-uniform distribution” and SEM shows agglomeration. Contradiction.
