Authors have not included an in vivo validation for the developed dental nano putty (D-nP) which is a critical limitation. They have extensively characterized the D-nP through in vitro experiments such as physicochemical, bioactivity, and antimicrobial assessments, but by not including in vivo testing to demonstrate its actual efficacy and safety in a biological setting, the article lacks practicality, raising concerns about the real-world applicability and biocompatibility of the material in complex biological environments, especially given the potential cytotoxicity and immunogenicity risks associated with nanoparticles. In another word, without in vivo evidence, the authorsclaims of superior mechanical stability, bioactivity, and antibacterial properties remain speculative. The authors response is appreciated.
