Your study claims to analyze data from 1998 to 2024, yet the paper was submitted in December 2024 and published in August 2025. How is it methodologically possible to have complete, verified panel data for the entire year of 2024, let alone projections for 2024 that align with actual WDI and UNWTO data releases? Doesn’t this timeline discrepancy suggest your “2024” data is either forecasted, incomplete, or fabricated, rendering your empirical results fundamentally unreliable?
Your Hausman test results (p = 0.4558) clearly fail to reject the null hypothesis, statistically favoring random effects…. Yet your abstract states “the Hausman test favors the fixed effect model” while you “point to the random effect model” based on “real-world characteristics.” This is a direct contradiction of the test’s purpose. If you override the statistical test with subjective judgment, what justifies using the Hausman test at all? Doesn’t this reveal a fundamental misunderstanding of specification testing and render your model selection process arbitrary and unscientific?