The current study’s reliance on a small, non-random sample and the use of pre-established groups raises concerns about the generalizability and internal validity of the findings. This sampling approach may have inadvertently introduced selection bias, which could affect the robustness of the conclusions. Could the authors clarify how they accounted for or mitigated these potential biases?
Additionally, while the authors emphasize the potential benefits of unplugged problem-based learning (PBL) for developing computational thinking, the lack of statistically significant results in the experimental group suggests that this methodology may not be as effective as claimed. A more in-depth discussion on why the unplugged approach failed to yield the expected outcomes, along with any plans to address these shortcomings in future research, would be valuable.