The paper highlights various nanomaterials (e.g., nZVI, TiO₂, CNTs) and emphasizes their high efficiency for soil remediation through adsorption, reduction, and immobilization mechanisms. However, it does not clarify how the varying soil physicochemical properties, such as pH, organic matter content, and redox conditions, affect the behavior, mobility, and transformation of these nanomaterials in situ.
Given that soil characteristics significantly influence nanoparticle fate and remediation performance, how can the generalized claims of effectiveness be interpreted without context-specific evaluation or discussion of nanomaterial, soil interactions under diverse environmental conditions?