The paper lacks methodological transparency, particularly in its simulation model validation, which makes its findings difficult to verify. Some economic and productivity claims (e.g., +129% efficiency in biogas) seem overstated without clear empirical support. Additionally, citation issues, including excessive self-citation, raise concerns about academic rigor. I invite the authors to address these issues to strengthen the study’s credibility and impact.
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While the study discusses the environmental impact of modern dairy technologies, could the authors clarify whether a life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted to evaluate their overall sustainability? Specifically, were emissions from energy-intensive technologies (e.g., automated milking systems, IoT sensors) factored into the analysis, and if so, how were these impacts quantified?