The article analyzes cold-formed steel (CFS) back-to-back columns with enhancements like concrete infills, web stiffeners, and CFRP strengthening, using finite element modeling (FEM) validated against Eurocode standards. While the study highlights significant strength and stability improvements, particularly with square web stiffeners, it notes a 10% deviation between FEM and analytical results. Could the authors clarify the practical impact of this deviation, specify standards or brands for CFRP properties, and elaborate on whether long-term durability or fatigue performance was assessed?
